Ticket Terms and Conditions and Other Important Notices

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Context

Notice is titled Ticket Terms and Conditions and Other Important Notices, last modified May 7, 2025

The document is headed "Ticket Terms and Conditions and Other Important Notices" and states it was last modified on May 7, 2025. The notices that follow are about air travel: liability limits for international flights, the carrier contract terms that apply to a ticket, and several country-specific and safety notices.

Supporting quotations

TICKET TERMS ANDCONDITIONS AND OTHER IMPORTANTNOTICES

Last modified: May 7, 2025

Qualifications & exceptions

• The only date the source gives is the "Last modified" date; no effective date or future version is stated.

Not stated here

• The text of this part does not say which company issues the notice or who "we" and "us" refer to in later notices.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Context

On international journeys a treaty and the carrier's own terms may apply to the entire journey

Passengers whose journey has an ultimate destination or a stop in a country other than the country of departure are advised that an international treaty (the Warsaw Convention, the 1999 Montreal Convention, or another treaty), together with the carrier's own contract of carriage or tariff provisions, may apply to the whole journey. That includes any part of the trip that is entirely inside the departure or destination country. The applicable treaty governs and may limit the carrier's liability to passengers for death or personal injury, loss, destruction or damage of baggage, and delay of passengers and baggage.

Supporting quotations

Advice to International Passengers on Limitations of Liability

Passengers embarking on a journey involving an ultimate destination or a stop in a country other than the country of departure are advised that the provisions of an international treaty (the Warsaw Convention, the 1999 Montreal Convention, or other treaty), as well as the carrier’s own contract of carriage or tariff provisions, may be applicable to their entire journey, including any portion entirely within the countries of departure and destination

The applicable treaty governs and may limit the liability of the carrier to passengers for death or personal injury, destruction, or loss of, or damage to, baggage, and for delay of passengers and baggage.

Notice of Contract Terms Incorporated by Reference

Your contract of carriage with the carrier

Qualifications & exceptions

• Applies to a journey with an ultimate destination or a stop in a country other than the country of departure.
• The notice says these provisions "may be applicable" and that the treaty "may limit" liability; it does not say which treaty applies to any particular journey.

Not stated here

• Which treaty or carrier terms apply to a given ticket is not stated; the notice tells the passenger to consult the carrier or an insurer.

Charges & Financial Obligations · User right or choice

Extra protection can usually be bought from a private insurance company

The notice advises that additional protection can usually be obtained by buying insurance from a private company, and says such insurance is not affected by any limit on the carrier's liability under an international treaty. It refers the passenger to the carrier or an insurance company for more information. Nothing in this passage says that the company issuing the notice sells that insurance.

Supporting quotations

Additional protection can usually be obtained by purchasing insurance from a private company. Such insurance is not affected by any limitation of the carrier’s liability under an international treaty.

For further information, please consult your carrier or insurance company.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The notice says additional protection can "usually" be obtained; it does not guarantee availability.

Not stated here

• The notice does not name any insurer or say what such insurance covers or costs.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Context

Where the Montreal Convention applies, there is no financial limit for death or bodily injury

Under the heading "Where the Montreal Convention applies, the limits of liability are as follows", the notice states there are no financial limits in respect of death or bodily injury.

Supporting quotations

Where the Montreal Convention applies, the limits of liability are as follows:

There are no financial limits in respect of death or bodily injury.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Only stated for journeys where the Montreal Convention applies.

Not stated here

• The notice does not say which journeys the Montreal Convention covers.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Context

Montreal Convention limits: 1,288 SDR for baggage and 6,303 SDR for delay damage per passenger, in most cases

Where the Montreal Convention applies, the notice states the limit for destruction, loss, damage or delay of baggage as 1,288 Special Drawing Rights per passenger "in most cases", and the limit for damage occasioned by delay to the journey as 6,303 Special Drawing Rights per passenger "in most cases". The notice does not list the cases in which the amounts differ.

Supporting quotations

In respect of destruction, loss of, or damage or delay to baggage, 1,288 Special Drawing Rights per passenger in most cases.

For damage occasioned by delay to your journey, 6,303 Special Drawing Rights per passenger in most cases.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Both limits are qualified by "in most cases".
• Stated per passenger, only where the Montreal Convention applies.

Not stated here

• The cases in which a different amount applies are not given.
• No currency equivalent is given for the Special Drawing Rights amounts in this passage.

Cross-references

• referred to by (model-proposed): European Community carriers must apply Montreal limits; many other carriers have chosen to — The EC regulation card says European Community carriers must apply the Montreal limits, which are the limits in the Montreal baggage and delay card.
• qualified by (model-proposed): A higher baggage liability limit may be available by declaring value at check-in — A higher baggage limit may be available by declaring value at check-in, so the stated baggage limit is not the only possible limit for a passenger who makes that declaration.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Context

Montreal Convention cargo limit is 26 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram

Where the Montreal Convention applies, the notice states the limit for destruction, loss, damage or delay of cargo as 26 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram.

Supporting quotations

For destruction, loss, damage, or delay of cargo, 26 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Stated only for cargo and only where the Montreal Convention applies.

Not stated here

• The notice does not say whether the cargo limit is relevant to a passenger ticket.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Context

European Community carriers must apply Montreal limits; many other carriers have chosen to

The notice says EC Regulation No. 889/2002 requires European Community carriers to apply the Montreal Convention limits to all carriage by them of passengers and their baggage by air, and that many non-European Community carriers have elected to do so for passengers and baggage. The regulation is cited by name only and its text is not part of this document.

Supporting quotations

EC Regulation No. 889/2002 requires European Community carriers to apply the provisions of the Montreal Convention limits to all carriage by them of passengers and their baggage by air.

Many non-European Community carriers have elected to do so in respect of the carriage of passengers and their baggage.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The second sentence says "many" non-European Community carriers, not all.

Not stated here

• Which carriers have elected to apply the limits is not stated.
• The cited regulation is not supplied.

Cross-references

• refers to (model-proposed): Montreal Convention limits: 1,288 SDR for baggage and 6,303 SDR for delay damage per passenger, in most cases — The EC regulation card says European Community carriers must apply the Montreal limits, which are the limits in the Montreal baggage and delay card.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Context

Warsaw system limits for death or injury are 16,600 or 8,300 SDR, with waivers and a US minimum

Where the Warsaw Convention system applies, the notice says the following limits "may apply" for death or bodily injury: 16,600 Special Drawing Rights (approximately EUR 20,200; US$25,100) if the Hague Protocol to the Convention applies, or 8,300 Special Drawing Rights (approximately EUR 10,100; US$12,600) if only the Warsaw Convention applies. It adds that many carriers have voluntarily waived these limits in their entirety, and that US regulations require that for journeys to, from or with an agreed stopping place in the US the limit may not be less than US$75,000.

Supporting quotations

Where the Warsaw Convention system applies, the following limits of liability may apply:

16,600 Special Drawing Rights (approximately EUR 20,200; US$25,100) in respect of death or bodily injury if the Hague Protocol to the Convention applies, or 8,300 Special Drawing Rights (approximately EUR 10,100; US$12,600) if only the Warsaw Convention applies

Many carriers have voluntarily waived these limits in their entirety, and US regulations require that, for journeys to, from or with an agreed stopping place in the US, the limit may not be less than US$75,000.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Limits "may apply" only where the Warsaw Convention system applies.
• The Hague Protocol figure and the Warsaw-only figure depend on which instrument applies.
• The US$75,000 minimum is stated for journeys to, from or with an agreed stopping place in the US.
• "Many" carriers have waived the limits; the notice does not say which.

Not stated here

• The notice does not say which carriers have waived the limits.
• The EUR and US dollar figures are given as approximate; no exchange date is stated.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Context

Warsaw system baggage limits: 17 SDR per kg checked and 332 SDR for unchecked baggage

Where the Warsaw Convention system applies, the notice says the limit may be 17 Special Drawing Rights (approximately EUR 21; US$26) per kilogram for loss of or damage or delay to checked baggage, and 332 Special Drawing Rights (approximately EUR 400; US$500) for unchecked baggage.

Supporting quotations

Where the Warsaw Convention system applies, the following limits of liability may apply:

17 Special Drawing Rights (approximately EUR 21; US$26) per kg for loss of or damage or delay to checked baggage, and 332 Special Drawing Rights (approximately EUR 400; US$500) for unchecked baggage.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Limits "may apply" only where the Warsaw Convention system applies.
• The checked-baggage figure is per kilogram; the unchecked-baggage figure is stated without a unit.

Not stated here

• The notice does not say whether the unchecked-baggage figure is per passenger or per item, or whether it also covers delay.

Cross-references

• qualified by (model-proposed): A higher baggage liability limit may be available by declaring value at check-in — The declared-value option applies regardless of which Convention applies, so it also qualifies the Warsaw baggage limits.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Context

Under the Warsaw system the carrier may also be liable for damage caused by delay

Among the Warsaw system items, the notice says the carrier may also be liable for damage occasioned by delay. No amount or condition for that liability is given in this item.

Supporting quotations

The carrier may also be liable for damage occasioned by delay.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Stated as "may" be liable, under the Warsaw system heading.

Not stated here

• No limit or condition for delay liability is stated in this item.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Procedure

Passengers should ask each carrier for the limits that apply to their journey

The notice says further information on the limits applicable to a journey may be obtained from the carrier. If the journey involves carriage by different carriers, the passenger should contact each carrier for information on its applicable limits of liability.

Supporting quotations

Further information may be obtained from the carrier as to the limits applicable to your journey.

If your journey involves carriage by different carriers, you should contact each carrier for information on the applicable limits of liability.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Applies where the journey involves more than one carrier.

Not stated here

• The notice does not say how to contact a carrier.

Charges & Financial Obligations · User right or choice

A higher baggage liability limit may be available by declaring value at check-in

Whichever Convention applies, the notice says the passenger may benefit from a higher limit of liability for loss of, damage to or delay of baggage by making a special declaration of the value of the baggage at check-in and paying any supplementary fee that may apply. As an alternative, if the baggage is worth more than the applicable limit, the notice says the passenger should fully insure it before travelling.

Supporting quotations

Regardless of which Convention applies to your journey, you may benefit from a higher limit of liability for loss of, damage or delay to baggage by making at check-in a special declaration of the value of your baggage and paying any supplementary fee that may apply.

Alternatively, if the value of your baggage exceeds the applicable limit of liability, you should fully insure it before you travel.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The declaration must be made at check-in.
• A supplementary fee "may apply"; its amount is not stated.
• Written as a possible benefit ("you may benefit"), not a guarantee of a higher limit.

Not stated here

• The size of any supplementary fee and any cap on declared value are not stated here.

Cross-references

• qualifies (model-proposed): Montreal Convention limits: 1,288 SDR for baggage and 6,303 SDR for delay damage per passenger, in most cases — A higher baggage limit may be available by declaring value at check-in, so the stated baggage limit is not the only possible limit for a passenger who makes that declaration.
• qualifies (model-proposed): Warsaw system baggage limits: 17 SDR per kg checked and 332 SDR for unchecked baggage — The declared-value option applies regardless of which Convention applies, so it also qualifies the Warsaw baggage limits.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

Court actions for damages must be brought within two years

The notice says any action in court to claim damages must be brought within two years from the date the aircraft arrived, or from the date on which it ought to have arrived.

Supporting quotations

Time limit for action: Any action in court to claim damages must be brought within two years from the date of arrival of the aircraft, or from the date on which the aircraft ought to have arrived.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The deadline runs from the actual or due arrival date of the aircraft.

Not stated here

• The paragraph does not say whether this limit comes from a treaty or from carrier terms, or whether it applies to every kind of claim.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

Baggage claims need written notice within 7 days for damage and 21 days for delay

For baggage claims, the notice says written notice to the carrier must be made within 7 days of receiving the checked baggage in the case of damage, and within 21 days from the date the baggage was placed at the passenger's disposal in the case of delay.

Supporting quotations

Baggage claims: Written notice to the carrier must be made within 7 days of the receipt of checked baggage in the case of damage, and, in the case of delay, within 21 days from the date on which it was placed at the disposal of the passenger.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The 7-day period runs from receipt of checked baggage and applies to damage; the 21-day period runs from the date the baggage was placed at the passenger's disposal and applies to delay.
• The notice must be written and made to the carrier.

Not stated here

• The passage does not say how notice is to be delivered or what happens if the periods are missed.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Procedure

A heading directs passengers to check with their airline or travel agent

The notices after the carrier-terms section begin with a heading telling the passenger to "Check with your airline or your travel agent." The heading is a general direction to ask the airline or travel agent about the notices that follow.

Supporting quotations

Check with your airline or your travel agent.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The source does not state which of the following notices the heading covers.

Not stated here

• The scope of the heading over the notices below it is not stated.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · User right or choice

European notice: on EU flights, ask for the text of your rights after denied boarding, cancellation or long delay

For all flights departing from the European Union and all flights to the European Union if on a European operating carrier, the notice says that if the passenger is denied boarding or the flight is cancelled or delayed for at least two hours, the passenger should ask at the check-in counter for the text stating their rights, particularly on compensation and assistance. (The source says "check-in counter or boarding date".) It also points to a European Union web page for more information on air passenger rights for these flights; the contents of that page are not part of this document.

Supporting quotations

EUROPEAN NOTICE -DENIEDBOARDING/CANCELLATIONS: For all flights departing from the European Union and all flights to the European Union if on an European operating carrier

if you are denied boarding or you flight is cancelled or delayed for at least two hours, ask at the check-in counter or boarding date for the text stating your rights, particularly with regard to compensation and assistance.

For further information on your air passenger rights for these flights, please see https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/passenger-rights/air/index_en.htm.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Applies to flights departing from the European Union, and to flights to the European Union if on a European operating carrier.
• Triggered by denied boarding, cancellation, or a delay of at least two hours.

Not stated here

• The rights, compensation and assistance themselves are not stated here; the linked EU page is not supplied.
• The source text contains wording that appears garbled ("you flight", "boarding date"); the card follows it as written.

Charges & Financial Obligations · User right or choice

Excess valuation may be declared on certain articles, and carriers may apply special rules for fragile or valuable items

The baggage notice says excess valuation may be declared on certain types of articles, and that carriers may apply special rules for fragile, valuable or perishable articles. In each case the passenger is told to check with the carrier.

Supporting quotations

BAGGAGE: Excess valuation may be declared on certain types of articles. Carriers may apply special rules for fragile, valuable, or perishable articles. Check with your carrier.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Stated as "may": excess valuation applies to "certain types of articles" and special rules apply "may" be applied by carriers.

Not stated here

• Which articles qualify, and what special rules or fees apply, are not stated.

Charges & Financial Obligations · Company practice

Checked baggage: carriers may permit a free allowance that varies by class or route, and may charge for excess

The notice says carriers may permit a free checked baggage allowance, which is set by the carrier and may differ by class and/or route. Carriers may apply extra charges for checked baggage over the permitted allowance. The passenger is told to check with the carrier.

Supporting quotations

Checked Baggage: Carriers may permit a free checked baggage allowance, which is set by the carrier and may differ by class, and/or route.

Carriers may apply extra charges for checked baggage in excess of their permitted allowance.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The allowance is set by the carrier and "may differ by class, and/or route".
• Stated as "may": the notice does not promise a free allowance.

Not stated here

• The allowance size and the amount of extra charges are not stated.

Charges & Financial Obligations · Company practice

Cabin baggage: carriers may permit a free allowance that varies; keeping cabin baggage to a minimum is recommended

The notice says carriers may permit a free cabin (unchecked) baggage allowance, which is set by the carrier and may differ by class, route and/or aircraft type. It recommends that cabin baggage be kept to a minimum and tells the passenger to check with the carrier.

Supporting quotations

Cabin (Unchecked) Baggage: Carriers may permit a free cabin baggage allowance, which is set by the carrier and may differ by class, route, and/or aircraft type. It is recommended that cabin baggage be kept to a minimum.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The allowance may differ by class, route and/or aircraft type.
• The recommendation to keep cabin baggage to a minimum is not stated as a rule.

Not stated here

• The allowance size is not stated, and the notice does not say whether extra charges apply to cabin baggage.

Charges & Financial Obligations · Context

With more than one carrier, each carrier may apply different baggage rules

If more than one carrier provides the transportation for the journey, the notice says each carrier may apply different rules on baggage, both checked and cabin.

Supporting quotations

If more than one carrier is providing the transportation for your journey, each carrier may apply different rules on baggage (both checked and cabin).

Qualifications & exceptions

• Applies when more than one carrier provides the transportation.

Not stated here

• The notice does not say which carrier's rules govern a connecting journey.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

For domestic travel wholly within the U.S., baggage liability limits must be at least US$3,800 per passenger

For domestic travel wholly between U.S. points, the notice says federal rules require any limit on a carrier's baggage liability to be at least US$3,800 per passenger, or the amount currently mandated by 14 CFR 254.5. The regulation is cited by name only; its text is not part of this document.

Supporting quotations

SPECIAL BAGGAGE LIABILITY LIMITATIONS FORU.S. TRAVEL: For domestic travel wholly between U.S. points, federal rules require any limit on a carrier’s baggage liability to be at least US$3,800 per passenger, or the amount currently mandated by 14 CFR 254.5.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Applies to domestic travel wholly between U.S. points.
• The figure is US$3,800 per passenger "or the amount currently mandated" by the cited regulation.

Not stated here

• The cited regulation is not supplied, so the currently mandated amount is not confirmed here.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

Departure time is not check-in time, and a carrier may refuse a late passenger

The notice says the time on the itinerary or receipt is the aircraft's departure time, which is not the same as the time the passenger must check in or be available for boarding. The carrier may refuse carriage to a passenger who is late. Check-in times advised by the carrier are the latest times passengers can be accepted for travel, and boarding times advised by the carrier are the latest times passengers must present themselves for boarding. Elsewhere the notice says passengers must arrive at the airport early enough to complete departure procedures.

Supporting quotations

The time shown on the itinerary/receipt is the departure time of the aircraft. Flight departure time is not the same as the time you must check-in or the time you must be available for boarding.

Your carrier may refuse you carriage if you are late.

Check-in times, as advised by your carrier, are the latest times at which passengers can be accepted for travel; boarding times, as advised by your carrier, are the latest times at which passengers must present themselves for boarding.

PASSENGER SHALL ARRIVE AT AIRPORT BY TIME EARLY ENOUGH TO COMPLETE DEPARTURE PROCEDURES.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The carrier advises the check-in and boarding times; they are the "latest times".
• The carrier "may" refuse carriage if the passenger is late.

Not stated here

• The actual check-in and boarding times are not stated; they come from the carrier.

Cross-references

• refers to (model-proposed): A carrier may refuse carriage if a ticket was obtained in violation of law or rules or documents are missing — The check-in times card repeats the instruction to arrive early enough to complete departure procedures, which is also stated in the refusal-of-carriage card.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

U.S. federal law forbids hazardous materials aboard aircraft; lithium batteries are not allowed in checked luggage

The notice says U.S. federal law forbids carrying hazardous materials aboard aircraft in luggage or on the person, and that a violation can result in five years' imprisonment and penalties of US$250,000 or more (citing 49 U.S.C. 5124). It lists hazardous materials as including explosives, compressed gases, flammable liquids and solids, oxidizers, poisons, corrosives and radioactive materials, with examples such as paints, lighter fluid, fireworks, tear gases, oxygen bottles and radiopharmaceuticals. It also says lithium batteries are not allowed in checked luggage.

Supporting quotations

DANGEROUS GOODS: U.S. Federal law forbids the carriage of hazardous materials aboard aircraft in your luggage or on your person.

A violation can result in five years' imprisonment and penalties of US$250,000 or more (49 U.S.C. 5124).

Hazardous materials include explosives, compressed gases, flammable liquids and solids, oxidizers, poisons, corrosives, and radioactive materials; examples: paints, lighter fluid, fireworks, tear gases, oxygen bottles, and radiopharmaceuticals.

Lithium batteries are not allowed in checked luggage.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The prohibition covers hazardous materials in luggage or on the person.
• The penalties are stated as what a violation "can result in", not as fixed outcomes.
• The lithium battery rule applies to checked luggage.

Not stated here

• The cited statute is not supplied. The notice does not address lithium batteries in cabin baggage.

Cross-references

• has exception (model-proposed): Small quantities of medicinal and toilet articles in luggage, and certain smoking materials on the person, are excepted — The small-quantity and smoking-material exceptions qualify the general ban on hazardous materials in luggage or on the person.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

Small quantities of medicinal and toilet articles in luggage, and certain smoking materials on the person, are excepted

The notice says there are special exceptions for small quantities (up to 70 ounces total) of medicinal and toilet articles carried in luggage, and for certain smoking materials carried on the person. It refers the passenger to the airline for further information.

Supporting quotations

There are special exceptions for small quantities (up to 70 ounces total) of medicinal and toilet articles carried in your luggage and certain smoking materials carried on your person.

For further information, please contact your airline.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Medicinal and toilet articles are excepted up to 70 ounces total and only when carried in luggage; certain smoking materials are excepted only when carried on the person.

Not stated here

• Which smoking materials are covered is not stated.

Cross-references

• exception to (model-proposed): U.S. federal law forbids hazardous materials aboard aircraft; lithium batteries are not allowed in checked luggage — The small-quantity and smoking-material exceptions qualify the general ban on hazardous materials in luggage or on the person.

Account & Service Control · Restriction or exception

You agree to abide by the booking terms of the supplier you choose and are responsible for ensuring bookings comply

In the "Supplier Terms and Conditions" notice, the booker agrees to abide by the terms or conditions of the booking imposed by the supplier they elect to deal with. The notice also says the booker is responsible for ensuring bookings abide by the terms of any supplier they elect to deal with, including terms in a carrier's fare rules or contract of carriage.

Supporting quotations

SUPPLIER TERMS AND CONDITIONS: You agree to abide by the terms or conditions of the booking imposed by the supplier with whom you elect to deal.

You are responsible for ensuring that your bookings abide by the terms or conditions of booking imposed by any supplier with whom you elect to deal, including terms or conditions of booking set forth in a carrier's fare rules or contract of carriage.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Applies to suppliers the booker elects to deal with.
• Includes terms in a carrier's fare rules or contract of carriage.

Not stated here

• The supplier terms themselves are not supplied here.
• The notice does not define "supplier".

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Company commitment

"We" make fare rules for all carrier tickets available before booking

The notice says "we" make available the fare rules for all carrier tickets prior to booking. The source does not say who "we" are in this passage.

Supporting quotations

We make available the fare rules for all carrier tickets prior to booking.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Stated for fare rules of carrier tickets, available prior to booking.

Not stated here

• "We" is not defined in this document, and the notice does not say where or how the fare rules are made available.

Charges & Financial Obligations · Restriction or exception

Back-to-back and hidden-city ticketing are prohibited by many carriers and may lead to cancellation or extra charges

The notice says circumventing a carrier's rules, including back-to-back ticketing (booking two or more tickets with overlapping travel dates to circumvent minimum stay requirements) and hidden-city ticketing (booking tickets with segments the booker does not intend to use to circumvent a carrier's pricing structure), is prohibited by many carriers. Using prohibited practices may result in the carrier cancelling the ticket, denying boarding, revoking frequent flier miles and other benefits, making additional charges to the booker's credit card, collecting additional charges at the airport, or invoicing the booker in future.

Supporting quotations

The circumvention of a carrier's rules, including practices such as back-to-back ticketing (booking two or more tickets with overlapping travel dates in order to circumvent minimum stay requirements) and hidden-city ticketing (booking tickets including segments which the booker does not intend to use in order to circumvent a carrier's pricing structure), is prohibited by many carriers.

The use of prohibited ticketing practices may result in the carrier taking actions including the cancellation of the ticket, denied boarding, revocation of frequent flier miles and other benefits, additional charges to the booker's credit card, additional charges collected at the airport or future invoicing.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The practices are described as prohibited by "many" carriers, not all.
• The consequences are listed as what carrier actions "may" include.

Not stated here

• The notice does not say which carriers prohibit these practices or how charges are determined.
• The list of consequences is introduced by "including", so it may not be exhaustive.

Data Access & Collection · Company practice

Secure Flight notice: the U.S. TSA requires "us" to collect information from you for watch list screening

The Secure Flight notice says the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security requires "us" to collect information from the passenger for purposes of watch list screening, under the authority of 49 U.S.C. section 114 and the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. The notice points to www.tsa.gov for TSA privacy policies and the system of records notice.

Supporting quotations

SECURE FLIGHT PASSENGER DATA PRIVACY NOTICE: The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security requires us to collect information from you for purposes of watch list screening, under the authority of 49 U.S.C. section 114, and the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004.

For more on TSA Privacy policies, or to view the system of records notice and the privacy impact assessment, please seewww.tsa.gov.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The collection is for watch list screening and is described as required by the TSA.
• The legal authorities are cited by name only.

Not stated here

• "Us" is not defined in this document.
• The notice does not list which information is collected, or whether the collector keeps it and for how long.
• The cited statute and act are not supplied.

Cross-references

• qualified by (model-proposed): Providing Secure Flight information is voluntary, but not providing it may lead to extra screening or denied transport — The voluntary-provision statement and its consequences qualify the collection the TSA requires.

Data Access & Collection · User right or choice

Providing Secure Flight information is voluntary, but not providing it may lead to extra screening or denied transport

The notice says providing the information is voluntary. If it is not provided, the passenger may be subject to additional screening or denied transport or authorization to enter a sterile area.

Supporting quotations

Providing this information is voluntary; however, if it is not provided, you may be subject to additional screening or denied transport or authorization to enter a sterile area.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The consequences are stated as what "may" happen.

Not stated here

• The notice does not say which information is optional or who decides on additional screening or denial.

Cross-references

• qualifies (model-proposed): Secure Flight notice: the U.S. TSA requires "us" to collect information from you for watch list screening — The voluntary-provision statement and its consequences qualify the collection the TSA requires.

Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice

The TSA may share information you provide with law enforcement, intelligence agencies or others

The notice says the TSA may share the information the passenger provides with law enforcement or intelligence agencies or others under its published system of records notice.

Supporting quotations

TSA may share information you provide with law enforcement or intelligence agencies or others under its published system of records notice.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The sharer is the TSA, not the company issuing the notice.
• Sharing is described under the TSA's published system of records notice.

Not stated here

• The "others" who may receive the information are not identified; the system of records notice is not supplied.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

Your contract of carriage is subject to this notice and to the carrier's terms, rules and tariffs

Under the heading "Notice of Contract Terms Incorporated by Reference", the notice says the passenger's contract of carriage with the carrier that provides carriage by air is subject to this notice, to any notice or receipt of the carrier, and to the carrier's individual terms and conditions ("Conditions"), related rules, regulations and policies ("Regulations") and any applicable tariffs. It applies whether the carriage is international, domestic, or a domestic portion of an international journey.

Supporting quotations

Notice of Contract Terms Incorporated by Reference

Your contract of carriage with the carrier that provides you with carriage by air, whether international, domestic or a domestic portion of an international journey is subject to this notice, to any notice or receipt of the carrier, and to the carrier’s individual terms and conditions(“Conditions”),related rules, regulations and policies (“Regulations”) and any applicable tariffs.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Covers international, domestic and domestic portions of international carriage by air.
• "Conditions" and "Regulations" are the defined terms for the carrier's own terms and rules.

Not stated here

• The text of each carrier's Conditions, Regulations and tariffs is not part of this document.

Cross-references

• qualified by (model-proposed): Each carrier's terms and tariffs are incorporated into your contract of carriage by this notice — The incorporation statement explains how the carrier terms listed in the contract-of-carriage card become part of the contract.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Context

With more than one carrier, different terms may apply for each carrier

If the carriage is by more than one carrier, the notice says different Conditions, Regulations and any applicable tariffs may apply for each carrier.

Supporting quotations

If your carriage is by more than one carrier, different Conditions, Regulations, and any applicable tariffs may apply for each carrier.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Applies when carriage is by more than one carrier.

Not stated here

• The notice does not say how differences between carriers' terms are resolved.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

Each carrier's terms and tariffs are incorporated into your contract of carriage by this notice

The notice states that the Conditions, Regulations and any applicable tariffs of each carrier are, by this notice, incorporated by reference into and made part of the passenger's contract of carriage. This means the carrier's own terms form part of the contract even though their full text is not reproduced in this notice.

Supporting quotations

The Conditions, Regulations and any applicable tariffs of each carrier are, by this notice, incorporated by reference into and made part of your contract of carriage.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Applies to each carrier providing carriage on the ticket.

Not stated here

• The incorporated terms are not supplied in this document.

Cross-references

• qualifies (model-proposed): Your contract of carriage is subject to this notice and to the carrier's terms, rules and tariffs — The incorporation statement explains how the carrier terms listed in the contract-of-carriage card become part of the contract.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

Carrier terms may limit liability for passenger injury or death, baggage and goods, and for its agents

The notice lists matters the carrier's Conditions may cover. Three concern liability: (a) conditions and limits on the carrier's liability for the bodily injury or death of passengers; (b) conditions and limits on its liability for loss of, damage to or delay of goods and baggage, including fragile or perishable goods; and (d) applying the carrier's Conditions and limits of liability to the acts of the carrier's agents, servants and representatives, including any person providing equipment or services to the carrier. The earlier international advice says a treaty, together with the carrier's own contract of carriage or tariff provisions, may apply to the whole journey, and that the applicable treaty may limit the carrier's liability.

Supporting quotations

The Conditions may include, but are not restricted to:

(a) Conditions and limits on the carrier’s liability for the bodily injury or death of passengers.

(b) Conditions and limits on the carrier’s liability for the loss of, damage to or delay of goods and baggage, including fragile or perishable goods.

(d) Application of the carrier’s Conditions and limits of liability to the acts of the carrier’s agents, servants, and representatives, including any person providing either equipment or services to the carrier.

The applicable treaty governs and may limit the liability of the carrier to passengers for death or personal injury, destruction, or loss of, or damage to, baggage, and for delay of passengers and baggage.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The list is introduced by "may include, but are not restricted to", so it is not exhaustive.
• These items describe subjects the Conditions may cover; the actual limits are in each carrier's terms.

Not stated here

• The linked carrier Conditions are not supplied in this document, so this card cannot say what limits they actually set.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

Carrier terms may cover declared baggage value, supplementary fees and claim time limits

Among the matters the carrier's Conditions may cover, the notice lists (c) rules for declaring a higher value for baggage and for paying any supplementary fee that may apply, and (e) claims restrictions, including time limits by which passengers must file claims or bring actions against the carrier. The earlier passage on liability limits likewise says a passenger may benefit from a higher limit by declaring baggage value at check-in and paying any supplementary fee that may apply.

Supporting quotations

The Conditions may include, but are not restricted to:

(c) Rules for declaring a higher value for baggage and for paying any supplementary fee that may apply.

(e) Claims restrictions, including time limits by which passengers must file claims or bring actions against the carrier.

you may benefit from a higher limit of liability for loss of, damage or delay to baggage by making at check-in a special declaration of the value of your baggage and paying any supplementary fee that may apply

Qualifications & exceptions

• The list is introduced by "may include, but are not restricted to", so it is not exhaustive.

Not stated here

• The linked carrier Conditions are not supplied in this document, so this card cannot say what time limits and fees they actually set.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Permission or license

Carrier terms may cover reconfirmations, check-in times, ticket validity and refusal of carriage

The notice lists among matters the carrier's Conditions may cover: (f) rules about reconfirmations or reservations, check-in times, the use, duration and validity of air transportation services, and the carrier's right to refuse carriage; and (h) the carrier's rights to refuse carriage to passengers who fail to comply with applicable laws or who fail to present all necessary travel documents.

Supporting quotations

The Conditions may include, but are not restricted to:

(f) Rules about reconfirmations or reservations; check in times; the use, duration, and validity of air transportation services; and the carrier’s right to refuse carriage.

(h) Rights of the carrier to refuse carriage to passengers who fail to comply with applicable laws or who fail to present all necessary travel documents.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The list is introduced by "may include, but are not restricted to", so it is not exhaustive.
• The right to refuse carriage in (h) is tied to failing to comply with applicable laws or to present all necessary travel documents.

Not stated here

• The linked carrier Conditions are not supplied in this document, so this card cannot say what check-in times and validity rules they actually set.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Permission or license

Carrier terms may cover schedule changes, substitution of carriers or aircraft, re-routing and delay liability

Among the matters the carrier's Conditions may cover, the notice lists (g) the carrier's rights and limits on its liability for delay or failure to perform a service. These include schedule changes, substitution of alternative carriers or aircraft and re-routing. When required by applicable law, they also include the carrier's obligation to notify passengers of the identity of the operating carrier or substituted aircraft.

Supporting quotations

The Conditions may include, but are not restricted to:

(g) Rights of the carrier and limits on the carrier’s liability for delay or failure to perform a service, including schedule changes, substitution of alternative carriers or aircraft and re-routing, and, when required by applicable law, the obligation of the carrier to notify passengers of the identity of the operating carrier or substituted aircraft.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The list is introduced by "may include, but are not restricted to", so it is not exhaustive.
• The notification obligation applies "when required by applicable law".

Not stated here

• The linked carrier Conditions are not supplied in this document, so this card cannot say what rights they give carriers; the law requiring the notification is not named.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · User right or choice

Items (a) through (h) can be explained at any U.S. location where the carrier sells tickets

The notice says the passenger can obtain additional information on items (a) through (h) at any U.S. location where the transporting carrier's tickets are sold.

Supporting quotations

You can obtain additional information on items(a)through (h) above at any U.S. location where the transporting carrier’s tickets are sold.

Qualifications & exceptions

• The information is available at U.S. locations where the transporting carrier's tickets are sold.

Not stated here

• The notice does not say whether information can be obtained outside the U.S. or online.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · User right or choice

You may inspect each carrier's full terms and, on request, receive them free of charge

The notice says the passenger has the right to inspect the full text of each transporting carrier's terms at its airport and city ticket offices, and the right, on request, to receive free of charge the full text of the applicable terms incorporated by reference from each transporting carrier. Information on ordering the full text of each carrier's terms is available at any U.S. location where the carrier's tickets are sold.

Supporting quotations

You have the right to inspect the full text of each transporting carrier’s terms at its airport and city ticket offices. You also have the right, upon request, to receive free of charge the full text of the applicable terms incorporated by reference from each of the transporting carriers. Information on ordering the full text of each carrier’s terms is available at any U.S. location where the carrier’s tickets are sold.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Inspection is at the carrier's airport and city ticket offices; free copies are available "upon request".
• Ordering information is at U.S. locations where the carrier's tickets are sold.

Not stated here

• The notice does not describe how long delivery takes or whether copies can be requested online.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

A carrier selling transport on another carrier does so only as that carrier's agent

If a carrier sells air transportation services or checks baggage specifying carriage on another carrier, the notice says it does so only as agent for the other carrier.

Supporting quotations

If a carrier sells air transportation services or checks baggage specifying carriage on another carrier, it does so only as agent for the other carrier.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Applies where the sale or baggage check specifies carriage on another carrier.

Not stated here

• The notice does not say what this means for who handles a claim.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

A carrier may refuse carriage if a ticket was obtained in violation of law or rules or documents are missing

In capital letters, the notice says the carrier reserves the right to refuse carriage to anyone who acquired a ticket in violation of applicable law or the carrier's tariffs, rules or regulations. It says the passenger cannot travel without all required travel documents, such as a passport and visa, and must arrive at the airport early enough to complete departure procedures.

Supporting quotations

CARRIER RESERVES THE RIGHT TO REFUSE CARRIAGE TO ANY PERSON WHO HAS ACQUIRED A TICKET IN VIOLATION OF APPLICABLE LAW OR CARRIER’S TARIFFS, RULES, OR REGULATIONS. YOU CANNOT TRAVEL IF YOU DO NOT HAVE ALL REQUIRED TRAVEL DOCUMENTS, SUCH AS PASSPORT AND VISA.

PASSENGER SHALL ARRIVE AT AIRPORT BY TIME EARLY ENOUGH TO COMPLETE DEPARTURE PROCEDURES.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Refusal applies to a person who acquired a ticket in violation of applicable law or the carrier's tariffs, rules or regulations.
• The passage is in capital letters in the source.

Not stated here

• The notice does not say what "early enough" means in time; the carrier sets check-in times.

Cross-references

• referred to by (model-proposed): Departure time is not check-in time, and a carrier may refuse a late passenger — The check-in times card repeats the instruction to arrive early enough to complete departure procedures, which is also stated in the refusal-of-carriage card.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

Some airlines may require disease-prevention measures such as masks or health certifications

The notice says that as a condition of transport, some airlines may require compliance with measures to reduce the spread of communicable diseases, including but not limited to face masks and health certifications. It says additional information about such measures is available from the passenger's airline.

Supporting quotations

AS A CONDITION OF TRANSPORT, SOME AIRLINES MAY REQUIRE COMPLIANCEWITHMEASURES TO REDUCE THE SPREADOF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITEDTO FACE MASKS AND HEALTH CERTIFICATIONS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING SUCH MEASURES IS AVAILABLE FROM YOUR AIRLINE.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Stated as "some airlines may require", not as a requirement of every airline.
• The examples are not exhaustive ("including but not limited to").

Not stated here

• The notice does not say which airlines require measures or what they are.

Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice

Governments may require the carrier to provide or allow access to passenger data

The notice says governments may require the passenger's carrier to provide information on, or permit access to, passenger data. It does not describe which governments, what data or what the carrier does with it.

Supporting quotations

GOVERNMENTS MAY REQUIRE YOUR CARRIER TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON OR PERMIT ACCESS TO PASSENGER DATA.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Stated as "may require", and the actor is the carrier rather than the company issuing the notice.

Not stated here

• The governments, the data covered and the purposes are not specified.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · User right or choice

U.S. overbooking notice: volunteers are asked first and people denied boarding involuntarily are generally compensated

Under the "U.S. Notice - Overbooking of Flights", the notice says flights may be overbooked and there is a slight chance a seat will not be available for a person with a confirmed reservation. If a flight is overbooked, no one is denied a seat until airline personnel first ask for volunteers to give up a reservation in exchange for compensation of the airline's choosing. If there are not enough volunteers, the airline denies boarding to others under its particular boarding priority. With few exceptions, including failure to comply with the carrier's check-in deadline, people denied boarding involuntarily are entitled to compensation. The complete compensation rules and each airline's boarding priorities are available at all airport ticket counters and boarding locations.

Supporting quotations

U.S. NOTICE -OVERBOOKING OF FLIGHTS: Airline flights may be overbooked, and there is a slight chance that a seat will not be available on a flight for which a person has a confirmed reservation.

If the flight is overbooked, no one will be denied a seat until airline personnel first ask for volunteers willing to give up their reservation in exchange for compensation of the airline's choosing.

With few exceptions, including failure to comply with the carrier's check-in deadline, persons denied boarding involuntarily are entitled to compensation.

The complete rules for the payment of compensation and each airline's boarding priorities are available at all airport ticket counters and boarding locations.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Compensation for involuntary denied boarding applies "with few exceptions", including failure to comply with the carrier's check-in deadline.
• Volunteer compensation is "of the airline's choosing".

Not stated here

• The compensation amounts and the full list of exceptions are not stated; the notice points to airport ticket counters and boarding locations.

Cross-references

• qualified by (model-proposed): Some airlines do not apply the U.S. overbooking protections to travel from some foreign countries — Some airlines do not apply the overbooking protections to travel from some foreign countries, which limits the protections described in the main overbooking card.

Legal Rights & Agreement Rules · Restriction or exception

Some airlines do not apply the U.S. overbooking protections to travel from some foreign countries

The U.S. overbooking notice adds that some airlines do not apply these consumer protections to travel from some foreign countries, although other consumer protections may be available.

Supporting quotations

Some airlines do not apply these consumer protections to travel from some foreign countries, although other consumer protections may be available.

Qualifications & exceptions

• Stated as "some airlines" and "some foreign countries".

Not stated here

• The airlines, the countries and the other protections are not identified.

Cross-references

• qualifies (model-proposed): U.S. overbooking notice: volunteers are asked first and people denied boarding involuntarily are generally compensated — Some airlines do not apply the overbooking protections to travel from some foreign countries, which limits the protections described in the main overbooking card.