Connections are mutual, and connected Members can search each other's connections, subject to settings
You can "connect" with professionals you choose who also wish to connect with you. Subject to your settings and theirs, once you connect with other Members you can search each other's connections to exchange professional opportunities.
Supporting quotations
To do so, you can “connect” with the professionals who you choose, and who also wish to “connect” with you.
when you connect with other Members, you will be able to search each others’ connections in order to exchange professional opportunities.
Qualifications & exceptions
Searching each other's connections is subject to both Members' settings.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
Invitations you send include your basic profile, and LinkedIn sends the invitee reminders
Inviting someone, sending a connection request, or accepting a connection is your choice. When you invite someone to connect, the invitation includes your network and basic profile information, such as your name, profile photo, job title and region, and LinkedIn will send invitation reminders to that person. You can choose whether to share your own list of connections with your connections.
Supporting quotations
It is your choice whether to invite someone to our Services, send a connection request, or allow another Member to become your connection. When you invite someone to connect with you, your invitation will include your network and basic profile information (e.g., name, profile photo, job title, region). We will send invitation reminders to the person you invited.
whether or not to share your own list of connections with your connections.
Not stated here
How many reminders are sent, or for how long, is not stated.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
LinkedIn uses your name, photo and activity to notify your network, subject to your settings
LinkedIn uses your content, activity and other data, including your name and photo, to provide notices to your network and others. For example, subject to your settings, it may notify others that you updated your profile, posted content, took a social action, used a feature, made new connections or were mentioned in the news.
Supporting quotations
We use your content, activity and other data, including your name and photo, to provide notices to your network and others.
we may notify others that you have updated your profile, posted content, took a social action, used a feature, made new connections or were
Qualifications & exceptions
The example notifications are described as subject to your settings.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
Liking or commenting on a sponsored post shows your name to others, including the advertiser
LinkedIn shows ads called sponsored content that look like regular content but are labeled as advertising (for example, "ad" or "sponsored"). If you like, comment on or share one of these ads, your action is associated with your name and viewable by others, including the advertiser. Separately, subject to your settings, a social action you take on LinkedIn may be mentioned alongside related ads; for example, if you like a company, LinkedIn may include your name and photo when that company's sponsored content is shown.
Supporting quotations
which look similar to non-sponsored content, except that they are labeled as advertising (e.g., as “ad” or “sponsored”). If you take a social action (such as like, comment or share) on these ads, your action is associated with your name and viewable by others, including the advertiser.
if you take a social action on the LinkedIn Services, that action may be mentioned with related ads. For example, when you like a company we may include your name and photo when their sponsored content is shown.
Qualifications & exceptions
Showing your social actions alongside related ads is subject to your settings; visibility of your action on the ad itself is not described as subject to a setting.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company commitment
LinkedIn shares only hashed IDs, permitted data and already-visible data with outside advertisers
LinkedIn says it does not share your personal data with non-Affiliated third-party advertisers or ad networks, except for three things: hashed IDs or device identifiers (to the extent they count as personal data in some countries); data shared with your separate permission (for example, in a lead generation form); and data already visible to any users of the Services (for example, your profile).
Supporting quotations
We do not share your personal data with any non-Affiliated third-party advertisers or ad networks except for: (i) hashed IDs or device identifiers (to the extent they are personal data in some countries); (ii) with your separate permission (e.g., in a lead generation form) or (iii) data already visible to any users of the Services (e.g., profile).
Qualifications & exceptions
The commitment covers non-Affiliated advertisers and ad networks; sharing with Affiliates such as Microsoft for their advertising services is addressed in section 3.4.
Ad providers can still learn about you from ad views and clicks and can match hashed IDs (see the related card).
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
Your personal data is used for workforce trend research, sometimes with outside researchers, published only in aggregate
LinkedIn uses the personal data available to it to research social, economic and workplace trends, such as job availability and needed skills. In some cases it works with trusted third parties on this research, under controls it says are designed to protect your privacy. It publishes, or allows others to publish, economic insights presented as aggregated data rather than personal data.
Supporting quotations
We use the personal data available to us to research social, economic and workplace trends, such as jobs availability and skills needed for these
In some cases, we work with trusted third parties to perform this research, under
We publish or allow others to publish economic insights, presented as aggregated data rather than personal data.
Qualifications & exceptions
Third parties doing this research work under controls LinkedIn describes; the controls themselves are on a linked page.
Not stated here
The linked description of research controls is not supplied.
Sharing & Disclosure · Permission or license
LinkedIn may give researchers public data to assess the platform's safety and legal compliance
LinkedIn may make public data available to researchers so they can assess the safety and legal compliance of its Services.
Supporting quotations
We may also make public data available to
Qualifications & exceptions
This passage refers to public data.
Not stated here
Which researchers qualify and what "public data" includes are described on a linked page that is not supplied.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
LinkedIn produces and shares insights that do not identify you, including ad reports to advertisers
LinkedIn uses your data for analytics to produce and share insights that do not identify you. Examples: statistics about Members, their profession or industry; counting ad impressions and clicks for billing and budget reporting and, subject to your settings, for reports to advertisers who may use them for their campaigns; showing Members engagement information for a post or LinkedIn Page; publishing visitor demographics for a Service or demographic workforce insights; and understanding usage of its services.
Supporting quotations
We use data to generate insights that do not identify you.
to perform analytics to produce and share insights that do not identify you. For example, we may use your data to generate statistics about our Members, their profession or industry, to calculate ad impressions served or clicked on (e.g., for basic business reporting to support billing and budget management or, subject to your
for reports to advertisers who may use them to inform their advertising campaigns), to show Members' information about engagement with a
to publish visitor demographics for a Service or create demographic workforce insights, or to understand usage of our services.
Qualifications & exceptions
Reports to advertisers based on your ad-related actions are subject to your settings.
The policy describes these insights as not identifying you; it does not describe the method used to ensure that.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
Your profile is visible to all Members and customers, and, depending on settings, to Visitors and search engines
Data on your profile, content you post and social actions you take will be seen by others, consistent with your settings. Your profile is fully visible to all Members and customers of LinkedIn's Services. Subject to your settings, it can also be visible to others on or off LinkedIn, such as Visitors or users of third-party search tools. What a particular viewer can see depends on your settings, your degree of connection, their subscriptions, their usage of the Services, access channels and search types (for example, by name or keyword).
Supporting quotations
Any data that you include on your profile and any content you post or social action (e.g., likes, follows, comments, shares) you take on our Services will be seen by others, consistent with your settings.
Your profile is fully visible to all Members and customers of our Services.
it can also be visible to others on or off of our Services (e.g., Visitors to our Services or users of third-party search tools).
access channels and search types (e.g., by name or by keyword) impact the availability of your profile and whether they can view certain fields in your profile.
Qualifications & exceptions
Visibility to Visitors and third-party search tools is subject to your settings; visibility to Members and customers is stated as full, though which fields a given viewer sees can vary with the listed factors.
Not stated here
The Help Center page detailing how these factors affect visibility is not supplied.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
Public posts can be seen by anyone and re-shared anywhere, along with your name and photo
When you share an article or post publicly, it can be viewed by everyone and re-shared anywhere, subject to your settings. Members, Visitors and others will be able to find and see your publicly shared content, including your name and your photo if you provided one.
Supporting quotations
Our Services allow viewing and sharing information including through posts, likes, follows and comments.
When you share an article or a post (e.g., an update, image, video or article) publicly it can be viewed by everyone and re-shared anywhere (subject to your
Members, Visitors and others will be able to find and see your publicly-shared content, including your name (and photo if you have provided one).
Qualifications & exceptions
Subject to your settings.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
Group posts follow the group's privacy type, and your group memberships are public on your profile unless you change it
In a group, posts are visible according to the group type: posts in private groups are visible to others in the group, and posts in public groups are visible publicly. Your membership in groups is public and part of your profile, but you can change that visibility in your settings.
Supporting quotations
posts are visible to others according to group type. For example, posts in private groups are visible to others in the group and posts in public groups are visible publicly. Your membership in groups is public and part of your profile, but you can change visibility in your
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
What you share on company pages is visible to the company, and following someone shows you as a follower
Information you share through companies' or other organizations' pages on LinkedIn can be viewed by those organizations and by others who view the pages' content. When you follow a person or organization, you are visible as a follower to others and to that page owner.
Supporting quotations
Any information you share through companies’ or other organizations’ pages on our Services will be viewable by those organizations and others who view those pages' content.
When you follow a person or organization, you are visible to others and that “page owner” as a follower.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
Depending on settings, LinkedIn tells senders when you act on messages and Members when you view their profile
LinkedIn lets message senders know when you act on their message, subject to your settings where applicable. Subject to your settings, it lets a Member know when you view their profile. You also get choices about whether organizations learn that you viewed their Page.
Supporting quotations
We let senders know when you act on their message, subject to your
we let a Member know when you view their profile. We also give you
about letting organizations know when you've viewed their Page.
Qualifications & exceptions
Each of these is described as subject to your settings or choices.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
Your likes, re-shares and comments, including on ads, are shown to others with your name and photo
When you like, re-share or comment on another person's content, including ads, others can view these social actions and associate them with you, for example through your name, profile and photo if you provided one.
Supporting quotations
When you like or re-share or comment on another’s content (including ads), others will be able to view these “social actions” and associate it with you (e.g., your name, profile and photo if you provided it).
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
Your employer sees and manages your use of work-provided LinkedIn services, but not job searches or personal messages
Your employer can see how you use LinkedIn Services it provided for your work (for example, as a recruiter or sales agent) and related information, and can review and manage your use of enterprise Services such as Recruiter, Sales Navigator, LinkedIn Learning or Campaign Manager. LinkedIn says it will not show your employer your job searches or personal messages.
Supporting quotations
Your employer can see how you use Services they provided for your work (e.g. as a recruiter or sales agent) and related information. We will not show them your job searches or personal messages.
Your employer may offer you access to our enterprise Services such as Recruiter, Sales Navigator, LinkedIn Learning or our advertising Campaign Manager. Your employer can review and manage your use of such enterprise Services.
Qualifications & exceptions
Job hunting and personal messages can still reach your employer if you share them yourself (see the enterprise sharing card).
Sharing & Disclosure · Company commitment
Some enterprise services ask permission to share your personal-account data, like a selling score, with your employer
Depending on the enterprise Service, LinkedIn will ask your permission before you use it to share relevant data from your profile or from your use of non-enterprise Services with your employer. For example, Sales Navigator users are asked to share their "social selling index", a score calculated partly from personal account activity. LinkedIn does not share job hunting or personal messages with your employer unless you choose to share them through the Services, for example by applying for another position at the same company or mentioning job hunting in a message to a co-worker.
Supporting quotations
Depending on the enterprise Service, before you use such Service, we will ask for permission to share with your employer relevant data from your profile or use of our non-enterprise Services. For example, users of Sales Navigator will be asked to share their “social selling index”, a score calculated in part based on their personal account activity.
We understand that certain activities such as job hunting and personal messages are sensitive, and so we do not share those with your employer unless you choose to share it with them through our Services (for example, by applying for a new position in the same company or mentioning your job hunting in a message to a co-worker through our Services).
Qualifications & exceptions
The permission request applies depending on the enterprise Service.
Applying internally or messaging a co-worker about job hunting counts as choosing to share it.
Messages to or from regulated Members may be archived outside LinkedIn by third-party services
Some Members, or their employers, must archive their communications and social media activity for legal or professional compliance and use other companies' services to do so. LinkedIn enables archiving of messages sent by and to those Members outside its Services. For example, a financial advisor may need to archive her communications with clients on LinkedIn to keep her license.
Supporting quotations
Regulated Members may need to store communications outside of our Service.
Some Members (or their employers) need, for legal or professional compliance, to archive their communications and social media activity, and will use services of others to provide these archival services. We enable archiving of messages by and to those Members outside of our Services.
Qualifications & exceptions
Your messages to a regulated Member can be archived even if you are not regulated yourself.
Not stated here
The archival providers and their handling of messages are not described.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
Excerpts of your profile appear on other services, which may look up your profile depending on settings
You may link your LinkedIn account with other services so they can look up your contacts' profiles, post your shares on their platforms or let you start conversations with your connections there. Excerpts from your profile will also appear on others' services, and, subject to your settings, other services may look up your profile.
Supporting quotations
You may link your account with others’ services so that they can look up your contacts’ profiles, post your shares on such platforms, or enable you to start conversations with your connections on such platforms. Excerpts from your profile will also appear on the services of others.
other services may look up your profile.
Qualifications & exceptions
Profile lookup by other services is subject to your settings.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
Linking your account to other services gives them your name, title and company under their own privacy policies
When you choose to link your LinkedIn account with other services, personal data such as your name, title and company becomes available to them. How that data is shared and used is described in, or linked from, a consent screen when you link the accounts. Examples include linking a Twitter or WeChat account to share LinkedIn content there, or an email provider offering to upload your LinkedIn contacts into its service. Third-party services have their own privacy policies, and you may be giving them permission to use your data in ways LinkedIn would not. You may revoke the link.
Supporting quotations
When you opt to link your account with other services, personal data (e.g., your name, title, and company) will become available to them. The sharing and use of that personal data will be described in, or linked to, a consent screen when you opt to link the accounts. For example, you may link your Twitter or WeChat account to share content from our Services into these other services, or your email provider may give you the option to upload your LinkedIn contacts into its own service. Third-party services have their own privacy policies, and you may be giving them permission to use your data in ways we would not. You may
the link with such accounts.
Qualifications & exceptions
This applies when you opt to link accounts; you can revoke the link.
Not stated here
Revoking the link is not described as removing data the other service already received.
Sharing & Disclosure · Context
Your profile and posts may show up on other services, and those copies may not reflect later changes you make
Information you make available to others on LinkedIn, such as profile information, posts, engagement with posts or messages to Pages, may be available to them on other services. For example, search tools, mail and calendar apps, or talent and lead managers may show a user limited profile data (subject to your settings), and social media management tools or other platforms may display your posts. Information kept on those services may not reflect updates you make on LinkedIn.
Supporting quotations
The information you make available to others in our Services (e.g., information from your profile, your posts, your engagement with the posts, or message to Pages)
For example, search tools, mail and calendar applications, or talent and lead managers may show a user limited profile data (subject to your
and social media management tools or other platforms may display your posts. The information retained on these services may not reflect updates you make on LinkedIn.
Qualifications & exceptions
Limited profile data shown in other tools is subject to your settings.
Not stated here
The linked page about availability on other services is not supplied.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
LinkedIn shares your personal data with Affiliates to run its Services, such as sending some queries to Bing
LinkedIn will share your personal data with its Affiliates to provide and develop its Services. For example, it may refer a query to Bing in some cases, such as when a more up-to-date answer would help in a chat experience.
Supporting quotations
We share your data across our different Services and LinkedIn affiliated entities.
We will share your personal data with our Affiliates to provide and develop our Services. For example, we may refer a query to Bing in some instances, such as where you'd benefit from a more up to date response in a chat experience.
Not stated here
What personal data accompanies a query referred to Bing is not specified.
Sharing & Disclosure · Permission or license
LinkedIn may share your public posts and personal data with Microsoft for Microsoft's services and advertising
Subject to its European Regional Privacy Notice, LinkedIn may also share with its Affiliates, including Microsoft, (1) your publicly shared content, such as public LinkedIn posts, so they can provide or develop their own services, and (2) your personal data so they can improve, provide or develop their advertising services.
Supporting quotations
Subject to our [European Regional Privacy Notice](https://www.linkedin.com/legal/privacy/eu?src=or-search&veh=www.google.com%7Cor-search), we may also share with our Affiliates, including Microsoft, your (1) publicly-shared content (such as your public LinkedIn posts) to provide or develop their services and (2) personal data to improve, provide or develop their advertising services.
Qualifications & exceptions
This sharing is stated as subject to the European Regional Privacy Notice, which may limit it for users in the Designated Countries or the UK.
It is for the Affiliates' own services and advertising, not only LinkedIn's.
Not stated here
The European Regional Privacy Notice is not supplied, so how it limits this sharing is not analyzed.
Service providers get your information as reasonably necessary and must not use it for other purposes
LinkedIn uses other companies to help provide its Services, for example for maintenance, analysis, audit, payments, fraud detection, customer support, marketing and development. They have access to your information (such as the contents of a customer support request) as reasonably necessary to perform these tasks for LinkedIn and are obligated not to disclose or use it for other purposes. If you buy a Service, LinkedIn may use a payments provider that may separately collect information about you, for example for fraud prevention or legal compliance.
Supporting quotations
We may use others to help us with our Services.
We use others to help us provide our Services (e.g., maintenance, analysis, audit, payments, fraud detection, customer support, marketing and development). They will have access to your information (e.g., the contents of a customer support request) as reasonably necessary to perform these tasks on our behalf and are obligated not to disclose or use it for other purposes.
If you purchase a Service from us, we may use a payments service provider who may separately collect information about you (e.g., for fraud prevention or to comply with legal obligations).
Qualifications & exceptions
A payments provider's separate collection is not described as limited by the "other purposes" restriction.
Sharing & Disclosure · Permission or license
Your data can be transferred in a sale or merger, and the buyer must follow this policy unless you agree otherwise
LinkedIn can share your personal data as part of a sale, merger or change in control, or in preparation for one. Any entity that buys LinkedIn or part of its business may continue to use your data, but only as set out in this Privacy Policy unless you agree otherwise.
Supporting quotations
We may share your data when our business is sold to others, but it must continue to be used in accordance with this Privacy Policy.
We can also share your personal data as part of a sale, merger or change in control, or in preparation for any of these events. Any other entity which buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your data, but only in the manner set out in this Privacy Policy unless you agree otherwise.
Qualifications & exceptions
Sharing may occur in preparation for a transaction, before it happens.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company commitment
LinkedIn currently does not share personal data with third parties for their direct marketing without permission
LinkedIn says it currently does not share personal data with third parties for their own direct marketing purposes without your permission. Its response to "do not track" browser signals is described on a linked page, not in this policy.
Supporting quotations
Our statements regarding direct marketing and “do not track” signals.
We currently do not share personal data with third parties for their direct marketing purposes without your permission.
about this and about our response to “do not track” signals.
Qualifications & exceptions
The statement is framed as current practice ("currently").
Not stated here
How LinkedIn responds to "do not track" signals is not stated in the supplied text.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company practice
Paying customers can export your name, headline, current job and general location unless you opt out
LinkedIn sells premium Services that give customers and subscribers custom search and tools, including messaging and activity alerts, to search for and contact Members such as job candidates, sales leads and co-workers. These customers can export limited information from your profile, such as your name, headline, current company, current title and general location (for example, Dublin), to manage sales leads or talent, unless you opt out.
Supporting quotations
Our premium Services help paying users to search for and contact Members through our Services, such as searching for and contacting job candidates, sales leads and co-workers, manage talent and promote content.
We sell premium Services that provide our customers and subscribers with customized-search functionality and tools (including messaging and activity alerts) as part of our talent, marketing and sales solutions.
Customers can export limited information from your profile, such as name, headline, current company, current title, and general location (e.g., Dublin), such as to manage sales leads or talent, unless you
Qualifications & exceptions
You can opt out of this export.
Not stated here
The opt-out setting page is linked, not supplied.
Sharing & Disclosure · Company commitment
LinkedIn does not give your contact information to premium customers without your consent
As part of its premium Services, LinkedIn does not provide your contact information to customers without your consent.
Supporting quotations
We do not provide contact information to customers as part of these premium Services without your consent.
Qualifications & exceptions
Premium customers can still store contact information they already have about you in the premium Services (see the related card).
Sharing & Disclosure · Context
Premium customers can store their own data about you in LinkedIn tools, governed by their policies
Premium Services customers can store information they have about you in LinkedIn's premium Services, such as a resume, contact information or sales history. That stored data is subject to those customers' policies, not described as governed by this one. Other enterprise features that use your data include TeamLink and LinkedIn Pages (for example, content analytics and followers).
Supporting quotations
Premium Services customers can store information they have about you in our premium Services, such as a resume or contact information or sales history. The data stored about you by these customers is subject to the policies of those customers. Other enterprise Services and features that use your data include
Not stated here
The customers' own policies are not supplied and will vary.